Cosmicomics

Cosmicomics Cos­mi­comics Italo Calvino
Har­court Brace Jovanovich 1976
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Most of the sto­ries in this col­lec­tion are explic­itly tied together by the pres­ence of an appar­ently immor­tal nar­ra­tor named Qfwfq. Many of the sto­ries involve space, but they take place in many times and many set­tings — with Qfwfq in many dif­fer­ent incar­na­tions. In one, he describes life before the Big Bang, with every­one and every­thing coex­ist­ing in a sin­gle point. In another, he and another young friend play games with atoms and fly around on galax­ies. In yet another, he is a third-generation land dweller with an embar­rass­ing still-aquatic great uncle. Even within these fan­tas­ti­cal nar­ra­tives, Calvino often man­ages to add a fur­ther level of sur­re­al­ity: a dinosaur catches the first train and gets lost in the crowd, cos­mic beings trans­mute into ordi­nary humans, play­mates get locked in an end­less spa­tial loop. These sto­ries are quite good, although they’re not my favorites among Calvino’s works. My only real objec­tion is to his use of inten­tion­ally unpro­nounce­able names. Qfwfq is actu­ally a rel­a­tively tame exam­ple; other char­ac­ters have names like (k)yK, Granny Bb’b, and Rwzfs.

Raptor Red

Raptor Red Rap­tor Red Robert T. Bakker
Tan­dem Library 1999
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Pale­on­tol­o­gist Robert Bakker has writ­ten a num­ber of books, but Rap­tor Red is his first (and so far as I can tell his only) novel. His char­ac­ters are all Cre­ta­ceous dinosaurs, with a female Utahrap­tor (Rap­tor Red) as the pro­tag­o­nist. The story fol­lows Red as she loses one prospec­tive mate and finds another; encoun­ters var­i­ous other species of dinosaurs and other ani­mals, many already known to her but some not; and meets up with her sis­ter and her two chicks. Aside from other ani­mals of var­i­ous sorts, Red and her fel­low rap­tors also must deal with strange new plants, bugs, weather, and nat­ural dis­as­ters as they travel through present-day North Amer­ica in search of food.

Through­out, Bakker pro­vides a wealth of infor­ma­tion about the anatomy and behav­ior of the dinosaurs and other ani­mals in his story. The behav­ior is, of course, edu­cated guess­work. He makes the Utahrap­tors very social crea­tures, which he argues for based on their rel­a­tively large brains and close ties to birds. As Bakker wrote this book in the mid-1990s, I’d be inter­ested to know if any new dis­cov­er­ies have been made in the inter­ven­ing years that might change his characterizations.

One quote from a review printed on the back cover of the paper­back edi­tion pro­claims that “Michael Crich­ton may be a good sto­ry­teller, but even he wouldn’t have the nerve to write a dinosaur novel from the dino’s point of view.” I might counter by say­ing “Robert Bakker may know an awful lot about dinosaurs, but he’s no mas­ter sto­ry­teller.” Not that the novel is the worst I’ve read — far from it. But, it’s far more inter­est­ing for its dinosaur infor­ma­tion than for its nar­ra­tive arc.

Cemetery Dance

Cemetery Dance Ceme­tery Dance Dou­glas J. Pre­ston
Vision 2010
World­CatRead OnlineLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Jour­nal­ist Bill Smith­back, a recur­ring Preston/Child char­ac­ter, is killed in a bru­tal attack in his Man­hat­tan apart­ment (this hap­pens on page 7, so it’s not really a spoiler). Eye­wit­nesses and build­ing secu­rity footage make iden­ti­fy­ing his killer easy, but a big­ger prob­lem appears almost imme­di­ately: the man is thought to have com­mit­ted sui­cide ten days ear­lier. There seem to be con­nec­tions between Smithback’s mur­der and a story he’d been work­ing on about a strange reli­gious sect at the north­ern tip of Man­hat­tan that has been accused of prac­tic­ing ani­mal sac­ri­fice. The deeper FBI Agent Pen­der­gast, NYPD Lieu­tenant D’Agosta, and Smithback’s wife Nora Kelly get in their inves­ti­ga­tion, the more it seems that the cult is not only sac­ri­fic­ing ani­mals, but also turn­ing peo­ple into zombiis.

Sigh… yet another Pen­der­gast novel. I was hop­ing that Pre­ston and Child would give their eccen­tric FBI agent a rest after six books in a row, the last four of which were increas­ingly Pendergast-centric. I long for a return to their ear­lier uncon­nected (or at least only ten­u­ously con­nected) nov­els, like Thun­der­head and Rip­tide. But, this book does bear some sim­i­lar­i­ties to the authors’ first col­lab­o­ra­tion, Relic: it takes place in New York, involves the Museum of Nat­ural His­tory (about which Dou­glas Pre­ston knows a great deal), and for the most part doesn’t involve Pendergast’s per­sonal life or fam­ily his­tory. For me, Ceme­tery Dance ranks not among Pre­ston and Child’s top five books, but I liked it bet­ter than that last few they’ve written.

Greasy Lake and Other Stories

Greasy Lake & Other Stories Greasy Lake & Other Sto­ries T. Cor­aghes­san Boyle
Pen­guin 1986
World­CatRead OnlineLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

This vol­ume of short sto­ries by T. Cor­aghes­san Boyle (who just goes by “T.C.” these days) is slim, but it con­tains fif­teen tales. Most of the sto­ries are dark or depress­ing to some degree, involv­ing death, fight­ing, adul­tery, theft, swindlery, obses­sion, and other less than savory actions, feel­ings, and atti­tudes. I found some of these to be rather thought-provoking, but I’m not sure I’d say that I really enjoyed most of them. Notable excep­tions are “On for the Long Haul,” in which a para­noid city-dweller gets sucked in by pro­pa­ganda about the threat of immi­nent nuclear war and moves his fam­ily to a secure com­pound in Mon­tana, and “Over­coat II,” which involves a Soviet bureau­crat and his first foray into the black market.

I also enjoyed some of the lighter sto­ries like “Ike and Nina,” which describes a short-lived affair between Eisen­hower and the wife of Nikita Krushchev, and “A Bird in Hand,” which tells of both a man’s futile attempts to get rid of star­lings and the (true) story of the man who intro­duced the birds to North Amer­ica. Over­all, this isn’t my favorite col­lec­tion of short sto­ries, but still worth read­ing. It has not, how­ever, yet inspired me to pick up any on Boyle’s other works.

The Egyptologist

The Egyptologist The Egyp­tol­o­gist A NovelArthur Phillips
Ran­dom House Trade Paper­backs 2005
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

The Egyp­tol­o­gist opens with a let­ter, dated 1922, from archae­ol­o­gist Ralph Trili­push to his fiancée Mar­garet Finneran. In it, he tells her that he and her father, Chester Craw­ford Finneran, will soon leave Egypt and return to her in Boston. He also tells her that he is send­ing all of the jour­nals and research mate­ri­als relat­ing to his recent dis­cov­ery of the tomb of XII­Ith dynasty king Atum-hadu, and gives her detailed instruc­tions about what to do with them should some acci­dent (or attack) befall him on his jour­ney home to her.

Phillips allows the rest of the story to unfold in a sim­i­lar way: through let­ters and telegrams between Trili­push and the two Finner­ans, Trilipush’s jour­nals, and let­ter dated more than thirty years later from retired pri­vate inves­ti­ga­tor Harold Fer­rell to a descen­dant of Mar­garet Finneran. Ferrell’s let­ters recount a strange case he’d had years ear­lier that began as a hunt for an Australian-born ille­git­i­mate son of an Eng­lish busi­ness­man, became a dou­ble mur­der inves­ti­ga­tion, and even­tu­ally led to his becom­ing involved with the Finner­ans and Ralph Trili­push. As the story pro­gresses, it becomes evi­dent that at least one — and pos­si­bly all — of the cor­re­spon­dents are lying to some degree. Trili­push and Fer­rell each write about want­ing to turn their tales into books, so a the very least it seems like they embell­ish their sto­ries a bit.

Phillips’s epis­to­lary nar­ra­tive style is quite inter­est­ing, largely because it becomes clear early in the book that you can’t be sure which narrator(s) to trust. The inter­play of con­flict­ing nar­ra­tives keeps the reader on his or her toes. Even in the end one isn’t quite sure how much of the story’s cli­max actu­ally hap­pened as described. This ambi­gu­ity might be annoy­ing to some, but I found it intrigu­ing and thought-provoking. It also, more often than not, leads to humor­ous sit­u­a­tions, as the reader begins to see through the nar­ra­tors’ lies to what is really going on. The Egyp­tol­o­gist, pub­lished in 2004, is Phillips’s sec­ond novel, and he now has four total. If the oth­ers are as inven­tive and well-written as this, then I would quite enjoy them.

Salt

Salt Salt A World His­toryMark Kurlan­sky
Pen­guin (Non-Classics) 2003
World­CatRead OnlineLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

In most of the world today, com­mon salt (sodium chlo­ride) is taken for granted; salt shak­ers sit on every home’s din­ing table and restau­rants offer it for free, some­times in con­ve­nient single-serving pack­ets. But salt has not always been so inex­pen­sive or so plen­ti­ful. Humans, like all other mam­mals, need to con­sume salt to sur­vive. Fur­ther­more, until the inven­tion of can­ning in the 19th cen­tury, salt­ing (or the related process of pick­ling) was the pri­mary method of pre­serv­ing meat, fish, and veg­eta­bles. The abil­ity to pro­duce large amounts of pre­served food has long been a pre­req­ui­site for stag­ing extended mil­i­tary cam­paigns as well as sea voy­ages of explo­ration or con­quest. Thus, the pro­duc­tion and con­trol of salt have done much to con­trol the course of human history.

Mark Kurlan­sky details the chang­ing rela­tion­ships between peo­ple and salt around the world and through­out recorded his­tory. He dis­cusses how salt fig­ures into var­i­ous mytholo­gies and rit­u­als. He talks about meth­ods of salt pro­duc­tion rang­ing from sim­ply scrap­ing crys­tals from desert sebkhas to refin­ing the mate­r­ial with sophis­ti­cated vac­uum evap­o­ra­tors. Par­tic­u­larly inter­est­ing are the his­toric recipes he weaves into his nar­ra­tive, includ­ing a bevy of salty sauces: Roman garum, the Chi­nese ances­tor of soy sauce, Tunisian char­mula, and even Louisiana Tabasco. Kurlan­sky also devotes con­sid­er­able time to the salt-related events and poli­cies that have directly shaped his­tory: dis­cov­er­ies, taxes, and monop­o­lies. Along the way he points out how many of our place names — Salzburg, Halles, Gaul, innu­mer­able –wiches — and words — salad, salary, sol­dier, salami — have roots mean­ing “salt.”

This is the sec­ond of Kurlansky’s books that I’ve read, the first being Cod, which shares some sub­ject mat­ter with Salt. He does a very good job of extract­ing excit­ing nar­ra­tives from what at first glance might seem like mun­dane top­ics. He at times seems to ram­ble a bit from one thing to another, but always in a charm­ing — rather than dis­tract­ing — way. I rec­om­mend this book highly, along­side many of the other single-word-title mate­ri­als his­to­ries that I’ve read.

Thunderstruck

Thunderstruck Thun­der­struck Erik Lar­son
Three Rivers Press 2007
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

In Thun­der­struck, like in his ear­lier book Devil In the White City, Erik Lar­son fol­lows two men — one a vision­ary and the other a cold-blooded killer. In this case the hero is Guglielmo Mar­coni, the first man to cre­ate a suc­cess­ful method of wire­less com­mu­ni­ca­tion. The vil­lain is Har­vey Haw­ley Crip­pen, a some­time doc­tor and seller of patent med­i­cines who was to all out­ward appear­ances a kind, gen­tle, upstand­ing cit­i­zen. Lar­son fol­lows the lives of the two men from their births in the third quar­ter of the nine­teenth cen­tury until their paths (although not the men them­selves) met in a very pub­lic way in 1910.

Mar­coni became fas­ci­nated with mag­net­ism and elec­tric­ity at an early age. By his early twen­ties, he had become an obses­sive exper­i­menter, spend­ing days at a time in the lab­o­ra­tory he had put together in the attic of his par­ents’ villa. Mar­coni had a basic idea of what he wanted to do — trans­mit a mes­sage using invis­i­ble waves — and how to do it — he had read descrip­tions of ear­lier exper­i­ments by Hein­rich Hertz and Oliver Lodge — but he worked almost entirely by trial and error. It was this approach, that of a prac­ti­cian rather than a the­o­rist, that would later make Mar­coni the sub­ject of other sci­en­tists’ deri­sion. Marconi’s method of work­ing would also prove costly for his wire­less teleg­ra­phy com­pany, as he built ever larger and more com­plex instal­la­tions on the coasts of Eng­land, Canada, and the United States, try­ing to per­fect wire­less trans-Atlantic com­mu­ni­ca­tion with­out hav­ing a firm grasp on the under­ly­ing laws of physics.

Har­vey Crip­pen, trained in home­o­pathic med­i­cine at the Uni­ver­sity of Michi­gan, worked in a vari­ety of med­ical pro­fes­sions. He had a pri­vate med­ical prac­tice in San Diego and was employed as an optometrist in St. Louis, but spent the bulk of his career work­ing for var­i­ous patent med­i­cine com­pa­nies in Philadel­phia, New York, and Lon­don. Crip­pen worked hard to sup­port his wife, Cora, whose exotic tastes in clothes, fur­ni­ture, and jew­el­ery, along with the pur­suit of her unre­al­is­tic ambi­tions of becom­ing a famous singer, proved very expen­sive. The Crip­pens pre­sented the front of a happy cou­ple, but mis­trust, betrayal, and Cora’s con­trol­ling nature lurked beneath the surface.

Lar­son does a won­der­ful job of set­ting the scene for his two sto­ries. Edwar­dian Lon­don is the chief set­ting, as both Mar­coni and Crip­pen spend fair amounts of time there. But the other side of the Atlantic — and indeed the ocean itself — also serve impor­tant roles, as ships and radio waves travel back and forth. My com­plaint about Larson’s pre­vi­ous books has been that his use of dia­log and descrip­tions of indi­vid­u­als’ thought and feel­ings strains his­tor­i­cal cred­i­bil­ity. Lar­son does a much bet­ter job in Thun­der­struck, using less dia­log and more explic­itly cit­ing his sources within the text itself.

I found the two sto­ries fas­ci­nat­ing — espe­cially that of Mar­coni — but through much of the book I felt that the con­nec­tion between the men is ten­u­ous at best. By the end Lar­son makes a pretty good argu­ment for com­bin­ing the two, but I’m not sure that I’m con­vinced. Still, he knows how to tell a good story, and Thun­der­struck makes for a com­pelling read.

River of Ruin

River of Ruin River of Ruin Jack Du Brul.
New Amer­i­can Library 2002
World­CatRead OnlineLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Min­ing engi­neer Philip Mer­cer attends a Paris rare book auc­tion, charged by a friend with buy­ing a nineteenth-century jour­nal writ­ten by Godin de Lep­inay. Lep­inay explored Panama dur­ing the plan­ning stages of the Panama Canal, and Mercer’s friend Gary Bar­ber thinks that the jour­nal might offer some clues to find­ing a fabled Incan trea­sure. At the auc­tion, a mys­te­ri­ous Chi­nese bid­der buys every­thing asso­ci­ated with the Panama Canal. Luck­ily the auc­tion­eer is an old friend of Mercer’s, and sets aside the jour­nal for him. But, Mer­cer doesn’t make it very far from the auc­tion house before he finds him­self being pur­sued by three Chi­nese assas­sins. He leads them on a chase through the cat­a­combs and sew­ers of Paris, even­tu­ally man­ag­ing to escape with the jour­nal intact.

Mer­cer then trav­els to Panama as quickly as he can, intend­ing to meet up with his friend. He arrives at Berber’s base camp deep in the jun­gle only to find the whole team dead. Mer­cer and Cap­tain Lau­ren Vanik, a U.S. Army offi­cer sta­tioned nearby, scope out the area, and are nearly killed by another team of Chi­nese mer­ce­nar­ies. Real­iz­ing that they have stum­bled into the mid­dle of some sin­is­ter plot, they set out to inves­ti­gate fur­ther. Along the way, they are joined by a team of French For­eign Legion­naires, a for­mer canal pilot, and a retired sea cap­tain, and reveal an impend­ing Chi­nese power-grab on the world stage.

I picked this book up because I was curi­ous what one of Clive Cussler’s “co-writers” writes under his own name. Unsur­pris­ingly, Cus­sler and DuBrul seem to be cut from the same cloth. River of Ruin con­tains many of the ele­ments that make up the stan­dard Cus­sler for­mula: a rugged scientist/adventurer, a gor­geous and very capa­ble love inter­est, an archae­o­log­i­cal puz­zle, water-based action sequences, and a nefar­i­ous plot to take over the world. DuBrul’s tale comes across as a bit more grounded in real­ity than do many of Cussler’s, how­ever; River of Ruin is still a thrill-a-minute adven­ture novel, but it is lergely free of the “oh, come on!” moments that abound in Cussler.

Sock

Sock Sock Penn Jil­lette
St. Martin’s Grif­fin 2004
World­CatRead OnlineLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Sock is, at its heart, a mys­tery novel; a woman is mur­dered and the pro­tag­o­nist, a police­man, sets out to find her killer. But, as one might expect from the self-described “larger, louder half” of Penn & Teller, this is far from your stan­dard detec­tive novel. The story is nar­rated by Dickie, the main character’s sock mon­key. Dickie’s owner, who we only know as ‘the Lit­tle Fool’ for most of the book, is a cop, but he’s not a detec­tive. He’s a police diver who spends most of his time pulling bod­ies out of New York’s East River; he doesn’t nor­mally solve cases. But, when one of the bod­ies he retrieves turns out to be that of Nell, one of his ex-girlfriends, the Lit­tle Fool decides to try his hand at detec­tive work.

He has to do so in a com­pletely unof­fi­cial capac­ity, of course, and he enlists the help of Tommy, Nell’s best friend and pedi­curist. The unlikely part­ners spend all their free time try­ing to recon­struct Nell’s last days and fig­ure out who might have mur­dered her. They get a break in the form of a note from the killer. But, as the Lit­tle Fool finds the note pinned to another body he pulls out of the river, it also means that they’re deal­ing with a dan­ger­ous psy­chopath who will almost cer­tainly kill again.

Penn’s sock mon­key nar­ra­tor cer­tainly pro­vides an inter­est­ing twist, but I found Dickie’s stream-of-consciousness nar­ra­tive style to be some­what dis­tract­ing. I could get used to it after awhile, but it made for a slow start every time I picked up the book. Also, although Penn has a fairly inter­est­ing story to tell, he does it in a very vul­gar man­ner. I’m not eas­ily offended, but I found the sheer quan­tity of curs­ing and descrip­tions of sex acts to be a bit much. I read some of this book while trav­el­ing, and at times I felt the need to cover chap­ter titles so that peo­ple around me wouldn’t see them. I can’t really rec­om­mend this book; I’d say that your time would be much bet­ter spent watch­ing some of Penn & Teller’s won­der­ful magic or their in-your-face skep­tic series “Bull­shit!” on Showtime.

The Chase

The Chase The Chase Clive Cus­sler
Put­nam Adult 2007
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

In The Chase, Clive Cus­sler for the first time strays from his usual nau­ti­cal focus (although the book’s open­ing scene does take place on a sal­vage boat) and his inter­wo­ven casts of exist­ing char­ac­ters. His new pro­tag­o­nist, Isaac Bell, does take seom cues from the Dirk Pitt/Kurt Austin mold, but he also seems to take some inspi­ra­tion from James West (of The Wild Wild West as well. Bell is a young man from a wealthy fam­ily who, just after the turn of the twen­ti­eth cen­tury, is the best detec­tive at the pri­vate Van Dorn agency (mod­elled after the Pinker­ton National Detec­tive Agency.

Bell is called to Den­ver to help in the inves­ti­ga­tion of a par­tic­u­larly bru­tal bank rob­ber known only as the Butcher Ban­dit. The Ban­dit hits banks when they have large amounts of cash on hand, kills all wit­nesses, and always man­ages to dis­ap­pear com­pletely. Bell and his fel­low Van Dorn agents hunt the Butcher Ban­dit and his beau­ti­ful accom­plice through­out the west­ern U.S., involv­ing a train vs. car race through Cal­i­for­nia and cul­mi­nat­ing in a steam loco­mo­tive chase over the Sier­ras, through Nevada and Idaho, and into Montana.

I enjoyed this book more than Cussler’s last few nov­els. It’s fresh sub­ject mat­ter for him, and The Chase has no co-author. I hope that he’ll Write more Isaac Bell nov­els and that he’ll do them him­self, rather than farm­ing them out to his grow­ing sta­ble of collaborators.

Fool

Fool Fool Moore, Christo­pher
William Mor­row 2009
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Fool is Christo­pher Moore’s retelling of King Lear, told from the per­spec­tive of — who else — Lear’s court jester. The jester, who Moore names Pocket, may be a fool by trade, but he is cer­tainly no dunce. He has free run of the cas­tle, friends in both high and low places, and with Lear’s pro­tec­tion is free to make fun of who­ever he wants. He is also very close to Lear’s daugh­ters Regan, Goneril, and Cordelia. Pocket is most loyal to Lear and Cordelia, and through­out Moore’s take on the tale, it is his behind-the-scenes schem­ing that serves to pro­tect their inter­ests and lives.

Fool opens with a tongue-in-cheek warn­ing from Moore that “This is a bawdy tale. Herein you will find gra­tu­itous shag­ging, mur­der, spank­ing, maim­ing, trea­son, and hereto­fore unex­plored heights of vul­gar­ity and pro­fan­ity…” In other words, Shake­speare prob­a­bly would’ve loved it. Moore acknowl­edges that tak­ing on one of the most famous plays by the best known Eng­lish writer of all time was a daunt­ing task. But, then again, this is from the same man who wrote a novel about the lost years in the life of Jesus (and his best friend Biff). He retains basi­cally all of Lear’s com­plex plot, although he of course makes Pocket and his machi­na­tions more inte­gral to that plot. The end­ing is dif­fer­ent, though — you can’t have a comic novel with a truly tragic fin­ish. Moore also brings in dia­log and char­ac­ters from other of the Bard’s plays, most notably the trio of witches from Mac­beth.

I’ve read all of Christo­pher Moore’s nov­els, and I think that Fool is one of his best. I read most of the book dur­ing a stint in a pit orches­tra (coin­ci­den­tally for a pro­duc­tion of Gilbert and Sullivan’s Yeomen of the Guard, which also fea­tures a jester), and I had to be very care­ful not to laugh out loud at inop­por­tune moments. A famil­iar­ity with King Lear is help­ful but by no means a require­ment for read­ing Fool; read­ing the syn­op­sis on Wikipedia is prob­a­bly suf­fi­cient prepa­ra­tion. I can’t rec­om­mend Moore’s writ­ing highly enough, for those read­ers who enjoy a twisted sense of humor. Start with Fool, Lamb, or Blood­suck­ing Fiends: A Love Story, then check out some of his other novels.

The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie

The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie The Sci­ence and Aes­thet­ics of Tie Knots
Broad­way 2000
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Long cloth ties are today found through­out the world around men’s necks (and some­times those of women as well). Other types of neck­wear are of course worn for cer­tain occa­sions (bow ties with tuxe­dos) or in cer­tain regions (string or bolo ties in the Amer­i­can South­west), but none matches the long tie in its ubiquity.

But, if you ask most any tie-wearing man (includ­ing me) how many dif­fer­ent tie knots they use, the answer will be “one.” Usu­ally that one knot is the four-in-hand, and a fair num­ber of peo­ple are aware of the exis­tence of another knot or two: the Wind­sor or half-Windsor, although these are­ich less com­monly used.

Surely, though, there are more than three ways to tie a tie. Thomas Fink and Yong Mao, two Cam­bridge the­o­ret­i­cal physi­cists, decided, appar­ently on a whim, to devote their con­sid­er­able tal­ents to dis­cov­er­ing all the pos­si­ble (an prac­ti­cal) tie knots. Once they real­ized that tie knots are “equiv­a­lent to per­sis­tant ran­dom walks on a tri­an­gu­lar lat­tice” (an obser­va­tion that Is evi­dently a rather sim­ple leap for a pair of physi­cists), it was a sim­ple mat­ter to math­e­mat­i­cally derive 85 dif­fer­ent ways to tie a tie.

Fink and Mao begin their book with a short his­tory of men’s neck­wear. The ear­li­est exam­ples of knot­ted neck cloths they cite are those adorn­ing the 7500 ter­ra­cotta sol­diers found in the tomb of China’s first emperor. Other early exam­ples come from Rome in the sec­ond cen­tury A.D., but dec­o­ra­tive men’s neck cloths seem not to have really caught on until the sev­en­teenth cen­tury. From that point until the early twen­ti­eth cen­tury (when long ties became de rigeur) a suc­ces­sion of neck cloth styles devel­oped in Europe: cra­vats, stocks, bow ties, Ascots, etc.

A sec­ond intro­duc­tory chap­ter is devoted to knots and knot the­ory. The authors pro­vide a basic overview of the tech­ni­cal aspects of knots and knot tying and of his­tor­i­cal attempts to ennu­mer­ate and cat­e­go­rize knots. They then explain in detail their own the­ory of tie knots. They lay out both the tech­ni­cal lim­i­ta­tions of tie knots (the tie must pass around the neck, and all knots must be ter­mi­nated such that the two ends hang down­wards) as well as the aes­thetic con­sid­er­a­tions (size, shape, sym­me­try, and balance).

The third chap­ter forms the meat of the book. In it, Fink and Mao ennu­mer­ate their 85 knots, orga­nized by the num­ber of moves it takes to com­plete each one. Each knot is accom­pa­nied by a step-by-step tying dia­gram and notes about how it relates to other knots, when appro­pri­ate. The thir­teen knits that the authors deem most aes­thet­i­cally pleas­ing are dis­cussed at greater length, and are illus­trated with pho­tographs of well-known men sport­ing them. Among this sub­set of knots are, of course, the famil­iar four-in-hand, Wind­sor, and half-Windsor.

The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie is a delight­fully whim­si­cal lit­tle book, quin­tes­sen­tially British in it’s sub­ject mat­ter, tone, and humor. The authors man­age to explain what turns out to be a sur­pris­ingly com­plex prob­lem in a way that’s pretty easy to under­stand. For those read­ers who desire a more pre­cise expla­na­tion, Fink and Mao sup­ply am appen­dix chock full of for­mu­las and deriv­a­tives. The book con­tains plenty of pho­tographs, illus­tra­tions, and dia­grams, which are quite help­ful in under­stand­ing the his­tory, knot the­ory, and all the knot variations.

This book is less than ten years old, but it us already out of print and used copies go for fifty dol­lars or more. I got my hands on a copy via Inter­li­brary Loan. But, if you’d just like a quick overview and a list of all 85 knots with direc­tions, Thomas Fink pro­vides them on his web site.

The Broken Window

The Broken Window The Bro­ken Win­dow A Lin­coln Rhyme NovelJef­fery Deaver
Simon & Schus­ter 2008
World­CatRead OnlineLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

The Bro­ken Win­dow pits Lin­coln Rhyme and Amelia Sachs against a mys­te­ri­ous and devi­ous crim­i­nal whose M.O. is to care­fully frame inno­cent peo­ple for his thefts and mur­ders. His frame jobs are so per­fect that he has gone com­pletely unde­tected for years. His exis­tence only comes to light when Rhyme real­izes that the evi­dence in a mur­der inves­ti­ga­tion is too per­fect. Soon, the police find a num­ber of past cases that bear the same signs, in which inno­cent peo­ple may very well have been convicted.

With very lit­tle to go on, Rhyme et. al. set about learn­ing more about their quarry. But, he always seems to be a cou­ple of steps ahead of them; the closer they get, the more he seems to know about them and their plans. It quickly becomes appar­ent that this crim­i­nal can some­how find out any­thing about any­one — and in his hands, knowl­edge is cer­tainly power.

As is his wont, Deaver packs plenty of twists and red her­rings into his tale. In his last Rhyme/Sachs novel, The Cold Moon, the detec­tives were too good at antic­i­pat­ing the twists, which sucked some of the sus­pense out of the book. I think that Deaver han­dles his sur­prises bet­ter in The Bro­ken Win­dow; he keeps both the reader and the pro­tag­o­nists guess­ing. I also like that Deaver basi­cally sticks to a sin­gle plot in this book, rather than the inter­weav­ing of numer­ous sub­plots that he uses in some ear­lier books.

The only annoy­ance this novel holds for me has to do with Deaver’s dis­cus­sions of com­put­ers (which play a cen­tral role). His use of tech­no­log­i­cal terms and jar­gon feels slightly off in places, although he has improved a great deal sine The Blue Nowhere, his hacker mys­tery. This is a minor fault, though, and prob­a­bly wouldn’t bother any­one who isn’t some­what of a com­puter nerd.

Codex

Codex Codex Lev Gross­man
Arrow 2005
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Edward Wozny is a hot­shot New York invest­ment banker who is about to assume a pres­ti­gious posi­tion at his firm’s Lon­don branch. At the begin­ning of what is sup­posed to be two weeks off to pre­pare for his move, Edward is sum­moned to an apart­ment owned by impor­tant clients of his com­pany — a British duke and duchess. He is charged with cat­a­loging their library, which had been sent to the United States for safe keep­ing dur­ing World War II and then promptly for­got­ten about. Edward is told to keep a sharp eye out among the old tomes for a cer­tain book by Ger­vase of Langford.

Lack­ing any train­ing in librar­i­an­ship or par­tic­u­lar inter­est in old books, Edward is ini­tially annoyed, but finds him­self strangely drawn in fol­low­ing an after­noon with the dusty vol­umes. He vis­its the Chenoweth Rare Book and Man­u­script Repos­i­tory, where he serendip­i­tously encoun­ters Mar­garet Napier, a Ger­vase of Lang­ford scholar. Although she (and most every­one else) con­sid­ers the book Edward is look­ing for to be a myth, she agrees to help with the cataloging.

Mean­while, a pro­gram­mer friend gives Edward a copy of a com­puter game called MOMUS. The game is hyper-real and some­what enig­matic; no one knows exactly who cre­ated it. Edward quickly becomes immersed in MOMUS, spend­ing more and more of his free time in the vir­tual world.

While exam­in­ing the con­tents of the library, Mar­garet becomes increas­ingly con­vinced that the mys­te­ri­ous book does exist, and was once a part of the col­lec­tion. She and Edward embark on a hunt to find the book. They dig up infor­ma­tion about the library’s his­tory, sneak into the Chenoweth’s mas­sive archival facil­ity, and unwit­tingly become embroiled in the schemes of British nobles. As they pro­ceed, Edward begins to notice eerie sim­i­lar­i­ties between MOMUS and their real-life quest.

The premise of Codex, with its for­got­ten library, myth­i­cal man­u­script, and eerily rel­e­vant com­puter game has poten­tial. But, the book itself turns out to be some­what lack­lus­ter and dis­ap­point­ing. MOMUS is set up to have impor­tant par­al­lels to the search for the Ger­vase book, but there are only ever a few of these. The whole com­puter game suplot seems under­de­vel­oped and out of place. Also, the book’s end­ing isn’t very sat­is­fy­ing. The plot gets increas­ingly com­plex, then just seems to peter out.

A cou­ple of errors (that should have been caught by an edi­tor) early in the book soured my opin­ion some­what, as well. One is a ref­er­ence to tree sap turn­ing into amber over a few thou­sand years (amber is formed from tree resin over mil­lions of years). The other is a men­tion of illus­tra­tions of “vivi­sected corpses” (“vivi-” mean­ing “liv­ing”; a corpse can be dis­sected, but not vivisected).

Codex is okay, not great. If you find it (as I did) at a used book sale for a buck and want a quick, largely mind­less read, go for it. Oth­er­wise, don’t bother.

The Omnivore’s Dilemma

The Omnivore's Dilemma The Omnivore’s Dilemma A Nat­ural His­tory of Four MealsMichael Pol­lan, Michael Pol­lan
Pen­guin 2007
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

In The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pol­lan sets out to trace the ori­gins of three meals, each the prod­uct of a dif­fer­ent food chain. These food chains — the indus­trial, the pas­toral, and the per­sonal, as he calls them — basi­cally rep­re­sent in reverse order the var­i­ous human rela­tion­ships with food. In doing this, he hopes to shed light on what he terms America’s “national eat­ing dis­or­der:” we lack national food tra­di­tions, and are often so far removed from our food’s ori­gins that we have to rely on food com­pa­nies and nutri­tion­ists to tell us what to eat. For Pol­lan, this dis­or­der reached its height with the Atkins diet craze, that fad that sought to suck the soul (bread, pasta, even fruit!) out of Amer­i­can meals and replace it with large quan­ti­ties of meat.

In America’s indus­trial food chain, every­thing seems to revolve around corn. Gov­ern­ment sub­si­dies encour­age farms to pro­duce far more Zea mays than the Amer­i­can peo­ple can eat. It falls to food sci­en­tists to fig­ure out what to do with the sur­plus (and suc­cess­ful corn-based prod­ucts only lead to a demand for more corn). Today, corn is processed by so-called “wet mills” into dozens of diverse sub­stances: vit­a­mins, corn oil, adhe­sives, sta­bi­liz­ers, acids, ethanol, emul­si­fiers, and sweet­en­ers (includ­ing the sneak­ily ubiq­ui­tous high-fructose corn syrup). These var­i­ous “frac­tions” of corn are the build­ing blocks of the processed foods industry.

Read more [+]

Coal

Coal Coal A Human His­toryBar­bara Freese
Pen­guin (Non-Classics) 2004
World­CatRead OnlineLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

In this book, Bar­bara Freese traces the entire his­tory of coal, reach­ing all the way back to the lep­i­do­den­dron forests of the Car­bonif­er­ous period. These forests pro­vided most of the organic mate­r­ial that turned into coal over hun­dreds of mil­lions of years. She reminds us that the energy we pro­duce through the burn­ing of coal (and other fos­sil fuels) ulti­mately came from the sun: the car­bon came from plants, like lep­i­do­den­dron, that grew by har­vest­ing solar energy through the process of photosynthesis.

But, as the book’s sub­ti­tle makes clear, this is pri­mar­ily a his­tory of humans and coal. Freese begins this his­tory with the Roman inva­sion of Britain in 43 A.D. Romans, find­ing exposed coal deposits through­out their new ter­ri­tory, dis­cov­ered that the mate­r­ial was eas­ily carved. They made jew­el­ery and other dec­o­ra­tions out of it. Some burned it for fuel, but it would take another thou­sand years for that prac­tice to become widespread.

From this point on, Freese chron­i­cles a num­ber of love-hate rela­tion­ships with coal. Among other things, coal can be burned for heat, to smelt iron, to power steam engines, and to gen­er­ate elec­tric­ity. But doing so pro­duces acrid black smoke and neces­si­tates the often very dan­ger­ous task of min­ing the fos­sil fuel. Freese’s account of the Indus­trial Rev­o­lu­tion in Britain pro­vides a good exam­ple of both the desir­able and unde­sir­able prod­ucts of coal power: more and bet­ter iron, steam power, mech­a­nized fac­to­ries, loco­mo­tives; black­ened skies, mine explo­sions, slum­mish fac­tory towns, child fac­tory labor.

In addi­tion to a great deal about coal in Britain, Freese also cov­ers the his­tory of the fuel in the United States. With this she brings the story up to date, detail­ing how coal has shaped our country’s energy infra­struc­ture and nar­rat­ing a tour of a coal-fired power plant in Min­nesota. Freese offers her own exper­tise in the area of Amer­i­can energy pol­icy and leg­is­la­tion: she worked for a num­ber of years as an envi­ron­men­tal attor­ney for the State of Minnesota.

The penul­ti­mate chap­ter is devoted to coal use in China, the his­tory of which has many par­al­lels to that of Britain. Here, Freese betrays a Euro-centric world­view: China is rel­e­gated to the back of the book even though Chi­nese peo­ple began using coal for smelt­ing iron as early as 1100 A.D, and have been burn­ing it for fuel since around 4000 B.C. Still, she pro­vides an inter­est­ing overview of China’s his­tory with coal and the country’s cur­rent strug­gle to bal­ance the grow­ing energy needs that accom­pany mod­ern­iza­tion with inter­na­tional pres­sure to reduce air pollution.

All in all, this is a fas­ci­nat­ing book. Freese does a good job of con­nect­ing the his­tor­i­cal dots: she shows just ho inte­gral coal has been to the devel­op­ment of the indus­tri­al­ized world, some­times com­ing into play in unex­pected ways. This is another won­der­ful entry into the recent cat­e­gory of single-word-title mate­ri­als histories.

Pacific Vortex!

Pacific Vortex! Pacific Vor­tex! Clive Cus­sler
Ban­tam 1994
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Dirk Pitt, Spe­cial Projects Direc­tor for the National Under­wa­ter and Marine Agency (NUMA) is sum­moned by the Navy to aid in the search for a top-secret sub­ma­rine. The sub, Star­buck, has gone miss­ing in an area called the Pacific Vor­tex, a coun­ter­part to the Bermuda Tri­an­gle. The searchers not only fail to find the sub, they are unable to find any trace of any of the almost forty ships known to have dis­ap­peared in the Vor­tex dur­ing the pre­ced­ing thirty years. Pitt’s inves­ti­ga­tion of the Star­buck — and the Pacific Vor­tex in gen­eral — leads him to van­ished sci­en­tists, leg­ends of a sunken Pacific civ­i­liza­tion, and a mys­te­ri­ous crim­i­nal mas­ter­mind known only as Del­phi.
Pacific Vor­tex! was the sixth Dirk Pitt novel to be pub­lished, but it was actu­ally the first one Cus­sler wrote. Indeed, its events take place before those of The Mediter­ranean Caper, Cussler’s first pub­lished novel. In a brief pref­ace, Cus­sler states that he was reluc­tant to pub­lish Pacific Vor­tex! because, among other rea­sons, “it does not weave the intri­cate plots of his [Pitt’s] later exploits.” Maybe I’m just get­ting sick of the for­mu­laic nature of the more recent books Cus­sler has “co-written” (what­ever that really means), but I liked this book because the plot wasn’t ridicu­lously intricate.

Capturing Sound

Capturing Sound Cap­tur­ing Sound How Tech­nol­ogy Has Changed Music (Roth Fam­ily Foun­da­tion Music in Amer­ica Book)Mark Katz
Uni­ver­sity of Cal­i­for­nia Press 2004
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

The many var­ied forms of sound record­ing and play­back tech­nolo­gies, begin­ning with Edison’s inven­tion of the phono­graph in the 1870s, have undoubt­edly changed the ways in which we lis­ten to and dis­sem­i­nate music. Mark Katz argues that beyond this, record­ing has in many ways altered music itself: it has changed per­form­ers’ approach to play­ing music, com­posers’ approach to writ­ing music, and has has even spawned com­pletely new musi­cal gen­res. In Cap­tur­ing Sound, Katz pro­vides a num­ber of case stud­ies, each explor­ing one of these “phono­graph effecs,” as he calls them. His dis­cus­sions encom­pass a vari­ety of musics, rang­ing from clas­si­cal and jazz to hip-hop and techno.

Katz begins by out­lin­ing what he sees as the seven most impor­tant char­ac­ter­is­tics of sound record­ing tech­nol­ogy (e.g. tan­gi­bil­ity, repeata­bil­ity, and manip­u­la­bil­ity). It is these traits, singly and in com­bi­na­tion, that give rise to the var­i­ous phono­graph effects Katz addresses in the remain­der of the book. He then pro­ceeds to give a short his­tory of not of early record­ing tech­nol­ogy, but of the var­i­ous ways in which early record­ing and (espe­cially) play­back equip­ment found its way into Amer­i­can culture.

The first real phono­graph effect Katz tack­les is the dis­sem­i­na­tion and rapidly grow­ing pop­u­lar­ity of jazz in the 1910s and 1920s. Jazz was really the first genre to ben­e­fit dur­ing its for­ma­tive years from the porta­bil­ity and repeata­bil­ity of sound record­ings. Katz pro­vides a pretty good sum­mary of this phe­nom­e­non, but I’m not sure he really adds any­thing to what pre­vi­ous writ­ers have done. With his next topic, though, Katz enters what seems to be new ground.

Vio­lin­ists, on the whole, increased their use of vibrato around the begin­ning of the twen­ti­eth cen­tury. This fact seems to be widely rec­og­nized, but lit­tle time has been devoted to deter­min­ing the impe­tus for the change. Katz, as you might guess, makes a case for record­ing tech­nol­ogy being respon­si­ble: vio­lin­ists dis­cov­ered that using more vibrato could com­pen­sate for some of the lim­i­ta­tions of early acoustic record­ings. The record­ings they pro­duced were then emu­lated by aspir­ing play­ers, lead­ing to a styl­is­tic shift. This seems a good place to men­tion the CD that accom­pa­nies the book. It con­tains thir­teen musi­cal exam­ples, of which five serve to illus­trate the change in vibrato aes­thetic. It’s quite help­ful to have these; prose descrip­tions of sound are often insufficient.

Katz next dis­cusses the rel­a­tively short-lived idea of Gram­mophon­musik — music in which the phono­graph was used as a tool for com­po­si­tion. This might be done by alter­ing exist­ing record­ings, or by actu­ally attempt­ing to engrave sound forms by hand onto a blank phono­graph disc. The genre was mostly spec­u­la­tive, but a few exam­ples cre­ated by Paul Hin­demith survive.

The remain­ing chap­ters of Cap­tur­ing Sound deal with pop­u­lar music, and mainly with elec­tronic and/or dig­i­tal sound tech­nolo­gies. Katz gives a short his­tory of DJing and turntab­lism, and then out­lines his own field­work in the study of DJ bat­tles or com­pe­ti­tions. He devotes a chap­ter to the “art and pol­i­tics” of sam­pling, look­ing at exam­ples drawn from hip-hop, pop, rock, techno, and art music. Katz’s last chap­ter explores how MP3s (and other dig­i­tal audio files) and peer-to-peer file-sharing net­works are chang­ing the expe­ri­ences of lis­ten­ing to, dis­cov­er­ing, and con­sum­ing music. While these var­i­ous sub­jects have been treated else­where, they have gen­er­ally not been done so with a schol­arly approach.

Over­all, I enjoyed Cap­tur­ing Sound. Katz’s top­ics are inter­est­ing, and his writ­ing style is clear and engag­ing. I found the book as a whole to be a lit­tle uneven, though. Some chap­ters (like those about vio­lin vibrato and DJ bat­tles) involve a great deal of Katz’s own orig­i­nal research, while oth­ers (such as those about Gram­mophon­musik and the rise of jazz) do not. Katz acknowl­edges that his var­i­ous top­ics are “con­nected per­haps by noth­ing save record­ing.” Thus it is per­haps bet­ter to approach Cap­tur­ing Sound as a col­lec­tion of essays rather than as a cohe­sive book. I hope, as does Katz, that his writ­ing will inspire oth­ers to pro­duce work in a sim­i­lar vein — I imag­ine there’s a lot more to be said about technology’s influ­ence on music.

Invisible Cities

Invisible Cities Invis­i­ble Cities Italo Calvino
Har­court Brace Jovanovich 1978
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

Italo Calvino’s Invis­i­ble Cities revolves around con­ver­sa­tions between Marco Polo and Kublai Khan. The pair sit in the Great Khan’s gar­dens, and Marco Poli tells of all the cities he has vis­ited on his trav­els. Many — if not most — of these cities lie within the Khan’s empire, which is so vast that the ruler him­self has never seen much of it.

The cities Polo describes all have women’s (or at least fem­i­nine) names: Octavia, Despina, Hypa­tia, Sophro­nia, etc. Polo presents fifty-five cities, each as an almost poetic vignette. Some of these con­cern a city’s his­tory — or future. Oth­ers describe a city’s lay­out, arrange­ment, or archi­tec­ture. Still oth­ers tell of the effects a city has on a trav­eler, either dur­ing or after his visit. Nearly all of Polo’s descrip­tions are fab­u­lous: one city is built on tall stilts over dry land, another mir­rors the goings-on in a sub­ter­ranean ver­sion of itself, yet another con­sists of per­ma­nent car­ni­val rides and tem­po­rary mar­ble buildings.

Calvino arranges Polo’s fifty-five vignettes into nine chap­ters and cat­e­go­rizes them: five each of cities and mem­ory, cities and desire, cities and signs, thin cities, trad­ing cities, cities and eyes, cites and names, cities and the dead, cities and the sky, con­tin­u­ous cities, and hid­den cities. Each chap­ter begins and ends with an exchange between Marco Polo and Kublai Khan. The pair pon­ders to what degree the Great Khan can ever truly know his empire, the nature of cities, and even the nature of existence.

I enjoyed Invis­i­ble Cities quite a bit. Calvino’s cities are delight­fully fan­tas­tic, and his brief but rich descrip­tions pro­vide ample fod­der for expan­sion by a reader’s imag­i­na­tion. I par­tic­u­larly like the way in which Calvino blurs the tem­po­ral set­ting of the book. Kublai Khan and Marco Polo lived in the thir­teenth cen­tury, and much of the book fits this time period. But, amid palaces, vel­lum, and camel car­a­vans, Calvino’s Polo also describes radar anten­nae, air­ports, and adver­tis­ing jingles.

I liked this book more than I did If on a winter’s night a trav­eler, the one other book by Calvino that I’ve read. I think I’ll seek out more of his work.

This Is Your Brain on Music

This Is Your Brain on Music This Is Your Brain on Music The Sci­ence of a Human Obses­sionDaniel J. Lev­itin
Plume 2007
World­CatLibrary­ThingGoogle BooksBook­Finder 

In this book, neu­ro­sci­en­tist Daniel Lev­itin elu­ci­dates the var­i­ous neu­ro­bi­o­log­i­cal processes involved in lis­ten­ing to music. He details the ways in which the human brain accom­plishes tasks, such as meter extrac­tion, that seem straight­for­ward (espe­cially to trained musi­cians) but in actu­al­ity demand very sophis­ti­cated neural pro­cess­ing. He also demon­strates how adept our brains are, even those of peo­ple with no musi­cal train­ing, at doing things like mem­o­riz­ing pitches and tem­pos, iden­ti­fy­ing wrong notes, and hear­ing and pre­dict­ing musi­cal forms.

Although some of this is cer­tainly a prod­uct of the struc­ture and func­tion of the brain, Lev­itin also attrib­utes much of it to expe­ri­ence. He makes a con­vinc­ing argu­ment that because of the ubiq­uity of music, most peo­ple qual­ify as expert lis­ten­ers, whether or not they can dis­cuss music in a tech­ni­cal man­ner. Lev­itin spends much of his time on these processes of lis­ten­ing, but he also addresses the ways the brain is involved in the per­for­mance of music, neu­ro­bi­o­log­i­cal foun­da­tions of musi­cal taste, and var­i­ous ideas about how and why humans evolved to be innately musical.

Lev­itin is now a sci­en­tist at McGill Uni­ver­sity, but he began his career as a rock musi­cian and record pro­ducer. Per­haps because of this breadth of expe­ri­ence, he does a pretty good job of writ­ing for a wide audi­ence — he dis­cusses many com­plex con­cepts, but always explains them in rel­a­tively sim­ple terms. This isn’t to say his writ­ing is sim­plis­tic; I found the chap­ter on musi­cal fun­da­men­tals fairly inter­est­ing, even though it’s stuff in which I am well versed.

Through­out the book, Lev­itin pro­vides a good bal­ance between sci­en­tific stud­ies and anec­do­tal evi­dence, while also includ­ing a good bit of his­tor­i­cal and sci­en­tific con­text. I’d rec­om­mend This Is Your Brain on Music to musi­cians and music lovers alike. It pro­vides a fas­ci­nat­ing look at what’s going on inside our heads when we play or lis­ten to music.